MAIZE BUSINESS
PLAN ANALYSIS
Corn
General
Information
Corn (Zea mays)
has been grown in the
northeast for
generations, and is a demanding
crop but one that is
highly-valued for its use
as animal feed,
silage, and as a grain for
human consumption.
Corn’s energy
production per acre
is higher than any other
crop, and it is a
durable grain that is relatively
easy to process.
There are a few
different types of corn. Flint
(or Indian), silage,
flour, sweet, pop, and
ornamental varieties
exist, but flint and flour
corn are the types
most commonly grown for
human consumption in
the northeast.
Popcorn is relatively
simple to grow,
germinating and
growing more quickly than
other varieties, but
is difficult to properly
process.
Preparation
& Planting
Corn requires a high
level of nitrogen in order to do well, and will grow well in well-drained
loam with a pH of
between 5.6 and 7.5. To prepare the seed-bed, chisel-plow a sod field in the
fall and apply manure
if needed, then till the seedbed 2-3 times before planting in late spring.
Pulverizing the
spring soil as soon as it dries out will build up a mulch layer and prevent the
soil
from becoming too
hard to plant into. Corn can be planted after a cereal or legume crop if
nitrogen levels are
high enough, but should be cultivated with enough time before planting to
eliminate annual
weeds.
If corn is planted
later than mid-May, yields generally decrease. However, planting too early (in
soil temperatures
lower than 60°F) may lead to slow corn emergence and greater weed
competition. Growers
are advised to use desired plant density (24,000-26,000 plants per acre) to
calculate their
seeding rate, which should ideally be about 10% higher than the plant density.
(Use the following
calculation if germination rates or low seed weights are a concern.) Very
high seeding rates
can lead to lodging once ears have formed.
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